Shooting - A perfectly aimed sport..
Shooting is a target sport that covers a number of different types of events for men and women including: Rifle, Pistol, Trap, Skeet and Running Target. They all use different weapons and ammunitions.
At the Olympics there are 15 events: 7 for women and 8 for men. The shooting events are divided into four different groups:
- RIFLE
- PISTOL
- SHOT GUN
- RUNNING TARGET
There are two rifle events at 10 metre range & four at 50 metre range, each with an electronic target.
In a rifle event, the shooters fire from either a prone, standing or a kneeling position, earning points with his/her shots at a 10 ring target (10 points for the centre ring, 9 for the next one, and so on).
Men's 50m rifle three positions, shooters fire 40 shots each prone, standing and kneeling at a target 50 metres away, within 45 minutes (prone), 75 minutes (standing) and 60 minutes (kneeling).
Men's 50m rifle prone, sixty shots are fired from the prone position at a target 50 metres away, within 75 minutes.
Women's 50m rifle three positions, competitors fire 20 shots each in the prone, standing and kneeling positions at a target 50 metres away, within a time limit of not more than 135 minutes.
Women's 50m rifle prone, sixty shots are fired from the prone position at a target 50 metres away, within 75 minutes.
Caliber .22 (world class weapons Feinwerkbau, Walther, Anschutz)
Clothing:
50m shooter needs to use a sling along with a jacket, trouser, shoes & gloves.
10m air rifle men shots are fired standing in a standing position at a target 10 metres away; 60 shots within 105 minutes.
10m air rifle women shots are fired in a standing position at a target 10 metres away;40 shots within 75 minutes for women.
Finals:
The top 8 shooters qualify for the final round where they have to shoot another round of 10 shots in a set period of time per shot. The winner is declared after the final 10th shot.
10 Metre air rifle - caliber is .177, its compressed or neumatic (world class weapons Feinwerkbau, Walther, Anschutz)
Clothing:
Air Rifle shooter needs to wear canvas or leather jacket,trouser,glove & shoes. In order to have a greater stability, the clothing has to be in accordance to the ISSF rules.
PISTOL EVENTS:
1. Air Pistol
With separate events for men and women, Air Pistol shooting joined the Olympic program in 1988. Competitors use .177 calibre air pistols to fire lead pellets at targets 10 meters away. The bulls eye has a 11.5 mm 10th ring, with the entire target being just 15 cm across.
The Guns:
World-class air pistols (eg. Feinwerkbau, Walther, Steyr and Morini) are air or gas powered guns. Trigger weight can be no lighter than 500 grams; the width of the grip and length of the barrel are also limited.
Course of Fire:
Men take 60 shots in one hour and 45 minutes, while women have one hour and 15 minutes for 40 shots.
Perfect Match Score:
For men, 600 is perfect and 585 is world-class. For women, 400 is perfect and 385 is a world-class score.
Finals:
The top eight competitors advance to a 10-shot final round, with 75 seconds allotted for each shot. The final is scored in tenths of a point and added to the match score to determine medallists.
A perfect final score is 109.
Perfect Aggregate (Match Score + Final Score) Score: 709 for men, 509 for women.
2. Free Pistol
Free pistol, a precision men's event, has been part of the Olympics since 1896. Competitors shoot.22 calibre pistols from 50 meters at precision targets with a 5cm 10 ring.
The Guns: A free pistol is easily identified by its grip, which may completely envelope and stabilises the shooter's hand. Regulations require only that it fires .22 calibre long rifle cartridges and has metallic sights. The gun's barrel is longer than that of other pistols, providing greater accuracy at this longer shooting distance. World-class free pistols are Walther and Hammerli.
Course of Fire: Competitors fire 60 shots in two hours.
Perfect match Score: 600 is a perfect score, and 565 is world-class.
Finals:
The top eight competitors advance to a 10-shot final round, with 75 seconds allotted for each shot. The final is scored in tenths of a point and added to the match score to determine winners. A perfect final score is 109.
Perfect Aggregate (Match + Final) Score: 709 points.
3. Rapid Fire
Rapid-fire pistol has been an Olympic event since the first moderm Games in 1896. Shot with a .22 calibre pistol from 25 meters, competitors have eight, six, or four seconds to fire one shot at each of five adjacent targets. As an added difficulty, pistols must be held downward at a 45-degree angle until a the targets rotate from edge on to face the shooter. The 10-ring on this target is 10 cm wide.
The Guns:
From January 2005, 'Standard' Pistols of .22 calibre ammunition from a five-shot magazine, without the advantage of ported barrels or wrap-around grips, as previously permitted. The trigger pressure must be 1000g. World-class guns for this event are Walther, Morini, Fas. or Pardini.
Course of Fire:
Two five-shot series in eight seconds, two series in six seconds and two series in four seconds comprise a half course, fired in one day. The following day, the same course is repeated.
Perfect Match Score:
600 is a perfect score, with 592 being world-class. Finals: After 60 shots, the top six shooters fire a final consisting of four five shot series at four seconds. The final is scored in tenths of a point and added to the match score to determine medal winners. A perfect final score is 218.
Perfect Aggregate (Match Score + Final Score) Score: 818 points.
4. Center Fire
Competitors use 'centre fire' pistols (.32, .38, .357 calibre) to shoot precision and rapid-fire competition from a distance of 25 meters. The precision target has a 5 cm 10-ring, while the rapid-fire target has a 10cm centre.
The Guns:
Centre Fire pistols shoot .32, .38 or .357 calibre ammunition from a five-shot 'semi automatic' pistols or revolvers with a trigger pressure of at least 1360g. World-class guns for this event, are Walther GSP, Hammerli, Fas. or Pardini.
Course of Fire:
The 60-shot match is divided into 30 shots precision and 30 shots rapid-fire. The precision, or slow-fire stage, is fired in six series of five shots, and competitors have six minutes per series. In the 30-shot rapid-fire stage, competitors shoot strings of five shots. Three seconds are allotted for each shot, followed by seven seconds of rest.
Perfect Match Score:
600 is a perfect score, with 585 being world-class.
Finals:
Finals are not contested in this event, however, if two or more shooters are tied for 1st, 2nd or 3rd, a 'shoot off' is held This consists of 3 sets of 5 shots as per the rapid fire stage. A perfect shoot of score is 150.
5. Sport Pistol
Sport pistol has been a women’s Olympic event since 1984. Athletes use.22 calibre standard pistols to shoot precision and rapid-fire competition from a distance of 25 meters. The precision target has a 5 cm 10-ring, while the rapid-fire target has a 10cm centre.
The Guns:
Sport pistols shoot.22 calibre ammunition from a five-shot magazine without the advantage of ported baffles or wrap-around grips. Trigger pressure must be at least 1000g. World-class guns for this event, like the Walther, Morini, Hammerli, Fas or Pardini, cost $800-$2400.
Course of Fire:
The 60-shot match is divided into 30 shots precision and 30 shots rapid-fire. The precision, or slow-fire stage, is fired in six series of five shots, and competitors have six minutes per series. In the 30-shot rapid-fire stage, competitors shoot strings of five shots. Three seconds are allotted for each shot, followed by seven seconds of rest.
Perfect Match Score: 600 is a perfect score, with 585 being world-class.
Finals:
The top eight competitors advance to a final, which consists of 20 shots fired in 4 series of the 'rapid fire' stage. Targets are scored in 10ths after each shot and added to the match score to determine medallists. A perfect final score is 218.
Perfect Aggregate (Match Score + Final Score) Score: 818 points.
6. Standard Pistol
Standard Pistol is a combination of slow fire and rapid fire shooting. Competitors shoot .22 calibre pistols from 25 meters at precision targets with a 5cm 10 ring.The Guns: Standard Pistols shoot.22 calibre ammunition from a five-shot magazine with a trigger pressure of at least 1000g. World-class guns for this event, are Walther, Hammerli, Morini, Fas. or Pardini.
Course of Fire:
Competitors fire 60 shots in three timed series. The first series is shooting 5 shots in 150 seconds. This is repeated until a total of 20 shot has been fired. The second series is shooting 5 shots in 20 seconds. This is repeated until a total of 20 shot has been fired. The third series is shooting 5 shots in 10 seconds. Again, this is repeated until a total of 20 shot has been fired.
Perfect match Score:
600 is a perfect score, and 570 is a good score.
Finals:
Finals are not contested in this event, however, if two or more shooters are tied for 1st, 2nd or 3rd, a 'shoot off' is held. This consists of 3 sets of 5 shots in 10 seconds. A perfect shoot off score is 150.
Pistol Rules (Basics):
The pistol events include one at 50 metres, two at 25 metres and two at 10 metres.
In the men's 50m pistol, sixty shots are fired at a target 50 metres away and must be completed within 120 minutes.
In the men's 25m rapid fire pistol, two rounds of 30 shots (in six series of five shots each) are fired at a target 25 metres away.
In the women's 25m pistol, there are six series of five precision shots and six series of five rapid-fire shots.
Finally, in the 10m air pistol, shots are fired at a target 10 metres away; 60 shots within 105 minutes for men and 40 shots within 75 minutes for women.
SHOT GUN EVENT:
1. Trap:
There are 5 shooters at 5 different stations, 16 yards from the trap house. Each shooter shoots one round at each of 5 targets at each station. There are a total of 25 targets in a round of trap. Shooters are required to wear eye and ear protection. Shooters load only one round at a time when it is their turn to shoot. When not shooting shooter keep their actions open and the gun pointed in a safe direction. Guns are pointed down range at all times.
The clay targets are typically thrown by a voice-activated machine at most ranges. Some still use a button pushed by the puller. In either case the shooter traditionally gives the command "Pull" to launch a bird. Other commands heard are a grunt or "Ah". The trap launcher oscillates left to right continuously so that birds are launched at random angles from the house. This is a reactive sport. The shooter must see the target and react to shoot it in it's direction of travel. The range of oscillation is such that from stand 1 the bird will appear to fly any from straight away for the shooter to breaking hard to the left. From stand 5 the bird will appear to fly straight away from the shooter to breaking hard to the right.
2. Double Trap
Double Trap is a clay pigeon shooting sport, one of the ISSF shooting events. It is a recreational and competitive activity where participants use a shotgun to attempt to break a clay disk flung away from the shooter at high speed. The modern game of trap is in some ways a replacement for a game where the targets were live pigeons. Indeed, one of the names for the clay targets used in shooting games is clay pigeons.
The layout of double trap shooting is similar to that of trap shooting. The shooter stands 16 yards behind the house that releases the targets. Two targets are released simultaneously from the house. They follow set paths, usually 35 degrees to left and right of straightaway. The shooter can take one shot at each target.
The Shotgun :
Trap guns tend to have longer barrels than field guns. This is to create a tighter pattern at distances as far as 50 yards. Trap guns will have a higher comb than field guns so that the sight picture is better and the guns doesn't kick the shooters cheek as much. The most common guns used for this is a 12 gauge shotgun. Single and double barrel guns are both used. Pump, Automatic and Breech loaders are all used in this sport. Some people use trap as a way to improve their field skills. As such they may use a 20, 28 or even 410 shotgun. The gun must fit properly ask more experienced shooters about this subject on how your gun should fit your needs.
Shotgun Rules (Basics):
In all shotgun events (Double trap, Trap, Skeet) shooters stand in stations and fire at the clay targets as they are released on the shooters' signals.
The person who hits the most wins.
In the trap events, the targets are released at different heights and angles and as each target is released the shooter is allowed two shots.
In the double trap, two targets are released simultaneously from the left and right traps of the central station.
In men's double trap, competitors shoot at 150 clay targets; in the women's event, at 120.
In skeet, the two clay targets are released from separate trap houses at either end of a semicircular shooting range.
Clothing:
Some trapshooters find a vest or jacket helpful for shooting. Typically they these have some padding on the front of the shoulder to help with the recoil. The vest is to help the shooter mount the gun in the same place consistently. Also there are pouches that hold full shells and empty hulls.
Terms Used:
Hulls - Empty shotgun shell
Primer - A primer is placed at the bottom of a hull. The purpose of the primer is to ignite the gun powder within the hull, this is done when the trigger is pull the guns firing pin strikes the primer and the primer fires.
Recipies - Known amounts and kinds of primers, powder, wads, shot used in reloading shot shells. Always follow a known recipe for shot shell reloading.
Round - A round can be either a shotgun shell, or a round of trap being at 5 stations and shooting 5 birds at each station (a round of trap)
Shot - Shot is the pellets in a shotgun shell.
Shotgun Shell - A hull that is loaded and ready to shoot. A Shotgun shell consists of a hull, primer, gun powder, wad, and shot.
Wads - A wad is a plastic object that separates the gun powder from the shot inside of a shotgun shell. The bottom of the wad has a domed shape.
RUNNING TARGET EVENT:
In the running target event, competitors shoot at a moving target 10 metres away.
The discipline consists of a “slow run” and a “fast run”, both of 30 shots. In the slow run, competitors have 5 seconds to aim and fire at the running target; In the fast run, their time is limited to 2.5 seconds.
The shooters fire in a standing position. The shooter must initially have the gun on his hip, once the target starts to move, he lifts the gun to his shoulder and fires.
The target in this event is pulled across a 2-meter wide aisle at a range of 10 metres from the firing point.
The six best competitors from the qualification round go to the final, where they fire ten 2.5-second shots.
GUN: Telescopic .177 air rifle (world class Feinwekbau,Walther, Anschutz)
CLOTHING: Jacket, Shoes & Glove.
TERMS USED FREQUENTLY IN SHOOTING SPORT
10 ring - The center ring of the target for pistol, rifle or running-target events, worth 10 points; also known as a "bull" or "bullseye".
Bore - The interior diameter of a gun barrel.
Broken target - A shotgun target that falls apart before being fired upon.
Bull - The centre circle of the target for pistol, rifle or running-target events, worth 10 points; also known as a "bullseye" or "10 ring".
Bullseye - The centre circle of the target for pistol, rifle or running-target events, worth 10 points; also known as a "bull" or "10 ring".
Calibre - The unit of measure for the bore of a rifle or pistol.
Call for the target - To call out a command when ready for the shotgun target to be released.
Crossfire - To call out a command when ready for the shotgun target to be released.
Double trap - A trapshooting event where two targets are released simultaneously at different heights and angles and the shooter must fire a shot at each target.
Firing line - The line where shooting competitors position themselves to shoot their targets.
Gauge - A unit of measure for the bore of a shotgun.
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